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Use of the QuEChERS method for the analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in soil
Brabcová, Kristýna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The content of this master's thesis is an application of frequently used extraction method QuEChERS on soil or other samples like litter or manure containing fluoroquinolone antibiotics. In the theoretical part of this thesis are chapters describing drugs, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Fluoroquinolones are described in more details with their properties, appearance and behaviour in the environment. The last chapter is focused on analytical methods. In the experimental part of this thesis is chosen in accordance with available publications the most suitable extraction method. This method is tested and optimized on soil samples. The optimized method is applied on the real soil and poultry litter samples to determine the amount of ciprofloxacine and enrofloxacine. This extraction method is used on other fluoroquinolone antibiotics (norfloxacine, ofloxacine, pefloxacine, moxifloxacine) in soil. All of the samples were analyzed by LC-MS.
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Stability and properties of combined beverages and fruit concentrates
Klatová, Kamila ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the stability and basic properties of combined beverages and fruit concentrates. The theoretical part describes the production and use of fruit concentrates. Furthermore, the work deals with anthocyanic pigments and phenolic substances. The principle and instrumentation of liquid chromatography and electron paramagnetic resonance were described. In the next subchapter, the methods of determination of total anthocyanins and phenolic substances were described. The experimental part of the thesis described the determination of soluble solids, viscosity and antioxidant activity. The total content of phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteua method and the total anthocyanins were determined by the pH-differential method. In the samples were determined cyanidine-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-galactoside by liquid chromatography.
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Preparation and purification of plasmid DNAs
Němeček, Milan ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
With the development of therapeutic methods in medicine, like are DNA vaccines and gene therapy increases demand for new processes for the isolation and purification highly pure plasmid DNA. Most often used methods of purification plasmid DNA are chromatographic methods. In experimental part of this thesis was performed isolation of plasmid pUC-19 DNA plasmid via alkalyne lysis. And purification of plasmid was performed by liquid chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Study of the occurrence of colistin in soil
Veldamonová, Aneta ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic used as a "last resort" effective against Gram-negative bacteria. However, increase in its consumption in veterinary medicine in the last 30 years has led to the development of bacterial resistance even to colistin. The application of slurry to soil containing unmetabolized colistin and resistant bacteria poses a risk, because the resistance of bacteria to colistin can be further developed and spread to other components of the environment. Therefore, this work was focused on the creation and optimization of extraction and analytical methods for soil samples containing colistin. Colistin was detected by liquid chromatography in connection with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS and UPLC/MS/MS). Many extraction solutions have been tested in connection with ultrasonic extraction and purification on various SPE columns, yet colistin has not been successfully extracted from the soil. Colistin was successfully detected only in the slurry extract. The reason why colistin was not detected in soil extracts could be the sorption of colistin on soil organic matter or the formation of complexes of colistin with humic substances.
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Importance and impact of phthalates during peritoneal dialysis and current possibilities of their replacement
Nohelová, Gabriela ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the importance and influence of phthalates in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the current possibilities of their replacement. The information about phthalates – esters of phthalic acid - was completed with focus on the most commonly used plasticizer in medical material, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its effects on the human organism and the environment. The possibilities of substitution of PVC in peritoneal dialysis were searched and their advantages and disadvantages were evaluated. As the evidence of phthalates absorbed by the human body in carrying out peritoneal dialysis selected studies performed in Germany and in our country, dealing with this issue, were used. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 224 nm or gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC / MS) was used here for the determination of phthalates in the blood and dialysate in peritoneal dialysis. Extraction of sample with the suitable solvent and purification of the extract predates the actual analytical determination of sample.
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Study of selected antibiotics sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate
Amrichová, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of sorption of antibiotics on microplastics. Antibiotics and microplastics are now a highly studied topic, due to the positive and negative properties. Antibiotics with groups of sulfonamides and quinolones were selected for the experiment. From sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were selected, and from the quinolones, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which have already been the impetus for some microplastic studies. Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate was used as the microplastic. Two experiments were performed in the laboratory. The first aimed to monitor the time dependence of antibiotic sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate, the second the concentration. The concentration dependence was subsequently evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The method of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for analyzes.
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Application of separation methods with mass spectrometric detection for the study of degradation products of new polymeric materials
Čumová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Synthetic polymer materials have been a part of human life since the 20th century. A variety of their use had resulted in a growing demand for their mass production, which then led to their increasing accumulation at waste dumps. After their deposition, these materials are exposed to many environmental factors causing their decomposition and subsequent release of the degradation products into the environment. This thesis is focused on the analysis of the photodegradation products from synthetic polymer materials and particularly polyurethane foams modified with the biodegradable fillers. One dimensional GC/MS and two dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS ) were used for the measurements. The most of photodegradation products of polyurethane foams are injurious to health and environment.
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Possibilities of identification of flavonoids in environmental matrixes
Magdechová, Andrea ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Inherent part of plants are active substances; flavonoids belong to this group. They are used in medicine, cosmetics and they shloud be a part of our diet because of their positive effects. This bachelor thesis is focused on the identification of flavonoids in selected types of coniferous trees and moss. Pines, firs and spruces were selected as the representants of coniferous trees, together with mosses Polytrichum formosum and Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus. Flavonoids were isolated using liquid-liquid extraction and identified using thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Assessment of contamination of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant by drug residuals
Dvořáková, Petra ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of diploma thesis was finding of the method for the determination of drug residua in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant. Selected sulfonamide and diaminopyrimidine antibiotics, which are used in human and veterinary medicine, were selected as target comopounds. They are discharged to the sewer systems together with the urine and faeces and enter the sewage treatment plant, where they are not completely removed. They can be found in treated waste water or in sewage sludge. They can enter to the environment, where they can induce negative effects on organisms in soil and water ecosystem. An optimized method was used for identification and determination of these antibiotics in real samples from the large-scale waste water treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and from the waste water treatment plant situated in the area of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno. Antibiotics were extracted from sewage sludge by ultrasonic and by pressure solvent extraction (PSE). Waste water and sewage sludge real samples were concentrated and cleaned by solid phase extraction (SPE). For determination these antibiotics high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC - DAD) was used.
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